VP2/CAB/12VDC

Tom Cribb Road, Thamesmead London SE28 0BH Tel: +44(0)20 8316 4477 or (0)20 8317 1717 Fax: +44(0)20 8317 2400 Email: cliffordandsnell@aol.com www.cliffordandsnell.com 

## **Clifford & Snell** 

## **VP SERIES** 

## _**Miniature Cradle Relays**_ 

- [World-wide compatibility] 

- [mV/mA to 5A or 250V switching] 

- [Bistable magnetic latching types] 

- [Mounting options] 

- [BT23 and 32 approved types] 

- [Life tested to 100,000,000 mechanical operations] 

- [Comprehensive technical service] 

- [Broad custom capability] 

Keyswitch Varley VP Series miniature cradle relays offer contact, coil and mounting options to meet many applications. They are extremely reliable, proven through many years' manufacture and use, and are compatible with all similar products manufactured world-wide. 

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Our engineers can offer invaluable advice on the choice of relay best suited to your requirements. 

## **SUMMARY OF TYPES** 

## **BASIC VP SERIES** 

**Contacts –** 2 4, 6 and 8 pole contact arrangements are available, with a choice of contact materials to suit applications from low to heavy duty. 

## **VPAC SERIES** 

This is a shaded pole version of the VPL (longer coil) series, suitable for ac operation on 50hz supplies (other frequencies to special order). 

## **BRITISH TELECOM APPROVED RELAYS** 

**Coils –** Nominal coil voltages range from 6 to 200V dc, with three types of coil to give the user a liberal choice of operating voltages. 

**AC Operation –** For ac operation a range is available with built-in rectifiers. See also shaded pole (long coil) VPAC Series. 

These relays conform to British Telecom codes BT23 and BT32. For BT23 the contact material is always code 'G' whilst for BT32, code ‘F’ is used. Solderability of all relay terminals complies with BT specification. 

## **SOCKET AND RETAINING CLIP** 

**Sensitive Operation** – Special adjustments can be made which provides increased sensitivity of operation, denoted by 'SEN' in the ordering code. 

**Mounting –** Available as a plug-in relay (also suitable for direct wiring) or for printed circuit mounting with alternative pin layouts. 

## **VPR SERIES** 

Bistable, polarised relays with either single or double wound coils, capable of being pulsed at a minimum of ten milliseconds. 

## **VPL SERIES** 

Relay sockets and retaining clips (ordered separately) are available to suit the different case sizes. Sockets are available with printed circuit pins or solder tags. 

## **OMISSION OF EARTH SCREW/PIN** 

For applications where the earthing facility is not required, the earth screw or pin can be omitted, obviating the need to drill printed circuit boards or panels. 

## **EARTH CLIP** 

Wiring sockets are supplied complete with an earth clip (loose piece) enabling the relay to be earthed via the fixing screw. 

Similar to the Basic VP Series but having longer coils offering an extended voltage range. 

## **STANDARD CONTACT ARRANGEMENTS AND CASE SIZE – FIG. I** 

|**CONTACT TYPE**<br>**NO. OF POLES**|**S**<br>**2**<br>**4**<br>**6**<br>**8**|**TC**<br>**2**<br>**4**<br>**6**<br>**8**|**5A**<br>**2**<br>**4**<br>**6**<br>**8**|**HD**<br>**2**<br>**4**<br>**6**<br>**8**|
|---|---|---|---|---|
|BASIC<br>M<br>VP<br>B<br>SERIES<br>C|2<br>3<br>2<br>3<br>1<br>2<br>3|2<br>3<br>2<br>3<br>1<br>2<br>3|2<br>3<br>2<br>3<br>1<br>2<br>3|2<br>3|
|SEN<br>M<br>OPTION<br>B<br>C|2<br>3<br>2<br>3<br>1<br>2<br>3||||
|VPR<br>M<br>SERIES<br>B<br>C|2<br>2<br>1<br>2|2<br>2<br>1<br>2|2<br>2<br>1<br>2|2|
|VPL<br>M<br>SERIES<br>B<br>C|5<br>5<br>4<br>5|5<br>5<br>4<br>5|5<br>5<br>4<br>5|5|
|VPAC<br>M<br>SERIES<br>B<br>C|5<br>5<br>4<br>5|4<br>5|4<br>5|5<br>5<br>5|
|M=make, B=break, C=changeover, S=standard single contact (0.2 or 1amp), TC=twin contact (0.2 or 1amp)<br>5A=5amp single contact, HD=heavy duty 5amp (increased pin spacing)<br>Shaded area gives case size and availability (confirm with sales department)|||||



M=make, B=break, C=changeover, S=standard single contact (0.2 or 1amp), TC=twin contact (0.2 or 1amp) 5A=5amp single contact, HD=heavy duty 5amp (increased pin spacing) Shaded area gives case size and availability (confirm with sales department) 

30 

Tom Cribb Road, Thamesmead London SE28 0BH Tel: +44(0)20 8316 4477 or (0)20 8317 1717 Fax: +44(0)20 8317 2400 Email: cliffordandsnell@aol.com www.cliffordandsnell.com 

## **VP SERIES** 

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**Clifford & Snell** 

**CASE SIZE, RETAINING CLIP & SOCKET CODING – FIG. 2** 

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Case Dimensions Printed Circuit Wiring Retaining<br>Size (see drawing) Socket Socket Clip<br>A B C Order Code Order Code Order Code<br>1 24.4 30.1 18.5 SVP10P01 SVP10W01 SVP10RC01<br>2 30.0 30.1 18.5 SVP16P01 SVP16W01 SVP16RC01<br>3 36.0 30.1 18.5 SVP22P01 SVP22W01 SVP22RC00<br>4 24.4 40.0 18.5 SVP10P01 SVP10W01 SVP10RCL00<br>5 30.0 40.0 18.5 SVP16P01 SVP16W01 SVP16RCL00<br>An earth clip is supplied with each Wiring Socket (loose part).<br>**----- End of picture text -----**<br>


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C<br>A<br>B<br>**----- End of picture text -----**<br>


## **COIL DATA** 

## **BASIC VP SERIES – FIG 3** 

Short coils (case 1, 2 or 3, see Fig. 1 & 2). The tables below list the characteristics of all standard Basic VP Series relay coils. Note, against 'Minimum Volts' the sub-headings refer to the various options. i.e. S = low level or light duty single contacts. TC = twin contacts. 5A = 5 amp contacts. HD = heavy duty contacts. SEN = sensitive adjustment. The characters below these sub-headings refer to the number of poles and the contact action, i.e. M = make, B = break, C = changeover. 

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COIL TYPE (Nominal voltage) Max. power at 2˚C amb. = 2W 6 12 14 21 26 34 47 72 90 120<br>Resistance (ohm) ±10% (except *±15%) 52 185 280 430 700 1250 2500 5800 *9000 *15000<br>Number of Turns 1750 3200 3800 4700 5900 7700 11000 16000 20000 24000<br>MAXIMUM VOLTS (40˚C ambient) 10 19 23 29 37 49 70 106 128 166<br>S TC 5A HD SEN<br>2C 2.6 5.0 6.5 8.0 11.0 15.0 21.0 33.0 42.0 58.0<br>MIN. 4C,6M,6B 2C 4.0 8.0 10.0 11.0 16.0 22.0 31.0 50.0 62.0 86.0<br>VOLTS 2C 2C 3.4 6.8 7.7 10.2 13.2 19.0 27.0 41.0 50.0 70.0<br>2C 2.3 4.3 5.3 6.4 8.2 11.0 17.0 23.5 30.0 43.0<br>4C,6M,6B 4C,6M,6B 4C 4.8 9.6 11.4 14.6 19.0 27.0 38.4 58.0 72.0 100.0<br>4C,6M,6B 3.3 6.3 7.7 10.0 12.3 16.5 26.0 35.0 43.5 58.0<br>**----- End of picture text -----**<br>


## **M TYPE COILS – FIG 4** 

M Type (short) coils for relays with 6C, 8M or 8B contact actions and for other actions where lower minimum operating voltage is required. Designated in the ordering code by 'M' immediately after the coil voltage. 

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COIL TYPE (Nominal voltage) 6M 12M 17M 21M 26M 34M 47M 65M 100M 120M<br>Resistance (ohm) ±10% (except *±15%) 28 110 220 325 530 890 1700 3200 7600 *11750<br>Number of Turns 1350 2700 3700 4450 5800 7300 9900 13400 20700 24800<br>MAXIMUM VOLTS (40˚C ambient) 7.4 14.6 20.6 25 32 42 56 77 120 150<br>S TC 5A HD SEN<br>2C 1.9 3.9 5.4 6.5 8.3 11.0 15.5 21.5 33.0 43.0<br>4C,6M,6B 2C 2.82 5.8 8.2 10.1 12.4 17.0 23.8 32.0 51.0 65.0<br>2C 2C 2.36 4.9 6.9 8.5 10.6 14.3 20.4 29.0 46.0 59.0<br>MIN. 2C 1.54 3.2 4.4 5.6 6.9 8.9 11.9 19.2 28.0 35.0<br>VOLTS 4C,6M,6B 4C,6M,6B 4C 6C,8M,8B 3.3 6.9 9.5 11.7 14.9 19.6 27.2 38.4 60.0 71.0<br>4C,6M,6B 2.2 4.6 6.2 7.8 9.6 12.5 18.7 25.0 39.0 50.0<br>6C,8M,8B 4.3 8.6 12.4 15.3 19.0 25.0 36.0 50.0 76.0 98.0<br>6C,8M,8B 6C,8M,8B 6.0 11.0 17.0 20.0 25.0 33.0 45.0 60.0 90.0 115.0<br>**----- End of picture text -----**<br>


31 

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## **Clifford & Snell** 

## **VP SERIES** 

Tom Cribb Road, Thamesmead London SE28 0BH Tel: +44(0)20 8316 4477 or (0)20 8317 1717 Fax: +44(0)20 8317 2400 Email: cliffordandsnell@aol.com www.cliffordandsnell.com 

## **VPL SERIES – FIG 5** 

Long coils (case 4 or 5, see Fig. I & 2). The table below lists the characteristics of all standard VPL Series relay coils. Note: against 'Min.Volts' the sub-headings refer to the various options. i.e. S = single light duty contacts, TC = twin contacts, 5A = 5 amp contacts, HD = heavy duty contacts, SEN = sensitive adjustment. The characters below these sub-headings refer to the number of poles and the contact action, i.e. M = make, B = break, C = changeover. 

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COIL TYPE (Nominal voltage) 8 12 19 22 28 36 45 60 85 130 200<br>Resistance (ohm) ±10% (except *±15%) 42 90 220 310 450 750 1250 2200 4200 *9700 *27500<br>Number of Turns 1950 2800 4400 5300 6300 8000 10100 13000 19000 28000 45000<br>MAXIMUM VOLTS (40˚C ambient) 10.5 15.5 24 29 35 45 58 77 106 161 265<br>S TC 5A HD<br>2C 2.3 3.4 5.3 6.1 7.5 10.0 13.5 18.0 23.0 38.0 67.0<br>MIN. 4C,6M,6B 2C 3.2 4.6 7.2 8.4 10.3 13.5 18.0 24.5 32.0 52.0 92.0<br>VOLTS 2C 2C 3.3 4.8 7.6 8.8 11.0 14.2 19.0 25.6 33.0 54.0 96.0<br>4C,6M,6B 4C 4C 4.6 6.7 10.6 12.2 15.0 19.4 26.0 36.6 46.0 76.0 134.0<br>**----- End of picture text -----**<br>


## **VPAC SERIES (AC SHADED POLE) – FIG 6** 

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COIL TYPE Resistance Voltage @ 50Hz<br>(Nominal Voltage) Turns ohms ±10% maximum minimum<br>6 760 7 7 4.8<br>12 1530 34 13.5 9.5<br>24 3050 120 27 19<br>42 5350 380 46 33<br>60 7650 750 66 48<br>110 14000 2500 121 88<br>220 28000 12500±15% 242 176<br>**----- End of picture text -----**<br>


Long coils (case 4 or 5, Fig. I & 2). Coil power 2W max, 0.7W min. Frequency 50Hz Available contact combinations: 2C or 4C light duty contacts 2C, 4C, 6M or 6B twin contacts 2C, 4C, 6M or 6B 5amp contacts 2C heavy duty contacts (HD) 

## **BASIC VP SERIES WITH BUILT-IN RECTIFIERS FOR AC OPERATION – FIG 7** 

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COIL TYPE Resistance Voltage @ 50Hz<br>(Nominal Voltage) ohms±10% maximum minimum<br>6AC (double coil) 26X2 6.6 4.8<br>12AC* 52 13.5 9.5<br>24AC* 185 27.0 19.0<br>42AC* 700 46.0 33.0<br>60AC* 890 55.0 45.0<br>110AC* 1250 66.0 48.0<br>220AC* 4700 121.0 88.0<br>**----- End of picture text -----**<br>


Short coils (case 1, 2 or 3, see Fig. I & 2). Coil power: I.6VA max, 1.3W max. Frequency range: 50-I20Hz. Designated in the ordering code by 'AC' immediately following the nominal voltage. Available contact combinations: 2C & 4C light duty contacts 2C, 4C, 6M or 6B twin contacts 2C, 4C, 6M or 6B 5amp contacts 2C heavy duty contacts (HD) 

*l2AC to 110AC have a single coil with series/parallel diode arrangement 

## **VPR SERIES BISTABLE POLARISED RELAYS – FIG 8** 

Short coils (case 1, 2 or 3, see Fig. I & 2). 

These are bistable polarised relays having magnetic latching by means of a ceramic magnet. The relay can be pulsed at 10 milliseconds (min.) sine or square wave. The physical dimensions and base terminals are identical to those of the Basic VP Series, and they are available with single or double wound coils. 

Data in the tables below apply to available contact arrangements i.e. 2 or 4 pole changeover, 6 pole make or break. 

## **SINGLE WOUND COILS AT 20˚C (TERMINALS I & 4)** 

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Coil Type (nom.volts) 3 5 6 12 24 34 47 72 120<br>Resistance ohms ±10% 9.6 23 49 200 560 1080 2040 4800 *13300<br>Number of Turns 660 1020 1430 3000 5000 6800 9350 14000 24000<br>Nominal volts 3 5 6 12 24 34 47 72 120<br>Minimum volts 1.9 3.0 4.5 8.9 15.4 22 30 47 87<br>Max.voIts(cont) 4.2 6.5 9.4 19 33 44 60 93 150<br>Max.pulse volts. 6.5 10 16 30 51 72 98 154 280<br>**----- End of picture text -----**<br>


*±15% 

Polarity (NC closed) To change state – apply positive to terminal 1. To return to NC closed, apply negative to terminal 1. 

32 

Tom Cribb Road, Thamesmead London SE28 0BH Tel: +44(0)20 8316 4477 or (0)20 8317 1717 Fax: +44(0)20 8317 2400 Email: cliffordandsnell@aol.com www.cliffordandsnell.com 

## **VP SERIES** 

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**Clifford & Snell** 

## **DOUBLE WOUND COILS AT 20˚C (TERMINALS 1 & 4 AND 2 & 3)** 

*±15% 

|Coil Type (nom.volts)|2.5|4|6|12|24|36|47|60|100|±15%<br>Each coil may be used separately<br>as above.<br>To change state using both coils apply<br>positive to either terminal I or terminal 2.<br>To return to original position apply<br>negative to either terminal I or terminal 2.|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Resistance ohms ±10% (I &4)|4.8|11.5|24.5|100|340|1020|1400|*2400|*6650||
|(2&3)|4.8|11.5|24.5|100|400|1020|1400|*2400|*6650||
|'Number of Turns<br>(I &4)|310|490|730|1450|2600|4600|5100|6700|10900||
|(2&3)|310|490|700|1450|3020|4220|5650|6700|10600||
|Minimum volts|2.0|3.2|4.8|9.4|19.5|33|38|51.5|92||
|Max.voIts (cont)|3.0|4.6|6.7|13.4|26.5|42.5|50|65|108||
|Max.puIse volts|7.0|10.5|15.5|31|65|100|120|160|280||



## **Contact Materials** 

- **Code A** – Fine silver (gold flashed) – the most effective material for general purposes and has the highest conductivity of all metals. The bare metal is prone to tarnishing in sulphurous atmospheres, but in all but the very lightest of settings the wiping action of all the contacts rapidly breaks down the film. 

- **Code F** – (BT type 32 Contact Material) 95% Gold, 5% Nickel – arc and weld resistant, hard wearing and the best material for low level applications. 

- **Code G** – (BT type 23 Contact Material) 60% palladium, 40% silver – the least costly of the tarnish-free alloys at normal temperatures. It is arc resistant and is one of the hardest and most durable of the silver-palladium alloys. Ideal for load applications to 1A, 50Vdc. 

## **CONTACT RATINGS – FIG 9** 

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TYPE Max. Amps Max. Volts Max. Watts Max. VA Materials<br>S & TC 0.2 100 10 20 F<br>1.0 100 30 60 A or G<br>5 amp & HD 5.0 250 100 200 A<br>**----- End of picture text -----**<br>


## **PLUG IN / WIRING TYPE RELAY – FIG 10** 

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B (SEE FIG 2)<br>5.4 CASE SIZE 3 CASE SIZE 2 & 5 CASE SIZE 1&4<br>C<br>[22            12            13]<br>[20            21            11]<br>[19             9             10] [16             9             10]<br>17            18             8 [14            15             8]<br>CASE<br>SIZE 3 [16             6              7] [13             6              7] [10            6             7]<br>[14             15            5] [11            12             5] [8             9             5]<br>A<br>8BA<br>4           3           2          1 4           3          2          1 4          3          2         1<br>HOLE FOR MANUAL OPERATION<br>4.3<br>**----- End of picture text -----**<br>


33 

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## **Clifford & Snell** 

## **VP SERIES** 

## **SOCKET OUTLINE DRAWING – FIG 11** 

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14.5<br>3.1<br>CASE MAX<br>1 & 4 26.6<br>WIRING  2 & 5 32.5 PRINTED<br>SOCKET CIRCUIT<br>3 38<br>SOCKET<br>9.1 9.1<br>19.2<br>MAX<br>4.5<br>**----- End of picture text -----**<br>


## **PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD LAYOUTS – FIG 12** 

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Relay<br>Copper PB Relay Base 3.4 Copper<br>10.2 2.54<br>side up side up<br>CASE 4.9 CASE<br>5 5<br>2.8 2.16<br>CASE<br>CASE<br>3 & 4<br>3 & 4 1.25<br>DM Relay<br>27.4 Terminal centres are identical to the or<br>Ø3.0 wiring/plug-in relays Printed<br>Circuit<br>B CASE Socket B CASE1 & 2<br>2.0 1 & 2 A<br>0.4 standoff<br>6.6 A<br>Relay or 5.5 max Ø1.3<br>Socket<br>Ø1.5 3.8<br>Base<br>Earth Pin<br>1.4<br>11.7 1.0 x 0.55<br>**----- End of picture text -----**<br>


Terminal numbering is identical to plug-in.Wiring relays, but with ‘staggered’ pin layout on DM & PC Socket as shown. 

**A** – hole for manual relay operation if required. 

**B** – hole required for PB relay with standard 8BA earth/mounting stud. Not required for DM Relay, PC Socket or PB Relay with LES in its code. 

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Tom Cribb Road, Thamesmead London SE28 0BH Tel: +44(0)20 8316 4477 or (0)20 8317 1717 Fax: +44(0)20 8317 2400 Email: cliffordandsnell@aol.com www.cliffordandsnell.com 

## **VP SERIES** 

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**Clifford & Snell** 

## **CONTACT NUMBERING – FIG 13** 

(SEE FIGS 10 AND 12 FOR PIN POSITIONS FOR EACH CASE SIZE) 

## **RELAYS WITH CHANGEOVER CONTACTS** 

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2 - POLE  4 - POLE 6 - POLE<br>TYPE S,TC &  5A HD S,TC & 5A HD S,TC & 5A<br>CASE SIZE 1 & 4 2 & 5 2 & 5 3 3<br>NO 7 10 8 14 7 10 13 16 8 13 17 22 7 10 13 16 19 22<br>COM 6 9 7 13 6 9 12 15 7 11 16 20 6 9 12 15 18 21<br>NC 5 8 5 11 5 8 11 14 5 10 14 19 5 8 11 14 17 20<br>**----- End of picture text -----**<br>


## **RELAYS WITH MAKE OR BREAK CONTACTS** 

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6-POLE MAKE OR BREAK CONTACTS (CASE SIZE 2 or 5) 8-POLE MAKE OR BREAK CONTACTS (CASE SIZE 3)<br>CONTACT 5 7 9 11 13 15 5 7 9 11 14 16 18 20<br>PAIRS 6 8 10 12 14 16 6 8 10 12 15 17 19 21<br>**----- End of picture text -----**<br>


||6-POLE MAKE OR BREAK CONTACTS (CASE SIZE 2 or 5)|6-POLE MAKE OR BREAK CONTACTS (CASE SIZE 2 or 5)|6-POLE MAKE OR BREAK CONTACTS (CASE SIZE 2 or 5)|6-POLE MAKE OR BREAK CONTACTS (CASE SIZE 2 or 5)|6-POLE MAKE OR BREAK CONTACTS (CASE SIZE 2 or 5)|6-POLE MAKE OR BREAK CONTACTS (CASE SIZE 2 or 5)|8-POLE MAKE OR BREAK CONTACTS (CASE SIZE 3)|8-POLE MAKE OR BREAK CONTACTS (CASE SIZE 3)|8-POLE MAKE OR BREAK CONTACTS (CASE SIZE 3)|8-POLE MAKE OR BREAK CONTACTS (CASE SIZE 3)|8-POLE MAKE OR BREAK CONTACTS (CASE SIZE 3)|8-POLE MAKE OR BREAK CONTACTS (CASE SIZE 3)|8-POLE MAKE OR BREAK CONTACTS (CASE SIZE 3)|8-POLE MAKE OR BREAK CONTACTS (CASE SIZE 3)|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|CONTACT<br>PAIRS|5<br>6|7<br>8|9<br>10|11<br>12|13<br>14|15<br>16|5<br>6|7<br>8|9<br>10|11<br>12|14<br>15|16<br>17|18<br>19|20<br>21|
||||||||||||||||
||||||||||||||||
|**ORDERING INFORMATION – FIG 14**<br>Typical Relay Part No:<br>VP<br>4/<br>SEN/<br>PB/<br>5A/<br>C<br>A<br>B/<br>26<br>T<br>**Relay series**<br>VP VPR VPL VPAC<br>**Number of poles in contacts**<br>2,4,6 or 8<br>**Sensitive operation**<br>SEN = sensitive operation<br>**Mounting style**<br>blank<br>= plug-in/solder<br>PB<br>= printed circuit - grid as plug-in/wiring types<br>DM<br>= printed circuit -2.54mm (0.1") grid<br>**Type of contacts**<br>blank<br>= standard light duty<br>HD<br>= heavy duty<br>5A<br>= 5amp capacity<br>TC<br>= twin contacts<br>**Contact function**<br>M<br>= make<br>B<br>= break<br>C<br>= changeover<br>**Contact material**<br>A<br>= fine silver<br>F<br>= 95% gold, 5% nickel<br>G<br>= 60% palladium, 40% silver<br>**Terminal material**<br>B<br>= steel, nickel plated<br>**Coil Identification**<br>State nominal voltage required<br>(for bifilar windings insert resistance in lieu of voltage and for M type coils insert M after coil voltage).<br>**Special requirements**|||||||||||||||



## **Special requirements** 

T = tropicalised coil,  RSD = anti-residual stud, AC = built-in rectifiers, B = bifilar windings, LES = less earth screw (plug-in and pcb types), LEP = less earth pin (direct mounting (DM) types). 

## **Sockets and Retaining Clips** 

Order by part number, see Fig. 2. 

## **Typical examples** 

VP4/PB/CAB/26/RSD/T/LES – Basic 4 pole changeover action with 2.8mm pitch PC terminals, I amp silver contacts, 26 volt dc coil, anti-residual stud, tropicalised, less earth screw. 

VP6/DM/TC/MGB/530ohm BT type 23 PW Relay – 6 pole make action, twin palladium silver contacts, 530 ohm coil, current adjusted to operate at 23.7mA. 2.54 mm pitch PC terminals, including earth pin. 

VP4/CAB/24AC – Basic 4 pole changeover action with I amp silver contacts, 24 volt coil with built-in rectifier for ac operation. VP6/BFB/26W26 (Pull and Hold) Basic 6 pole break action with 0.2 amp gold nickel contacts, overlaid coils (26 volt inner 'pull', 26 volt outer 'hold'). 

VP2/HD/CAB/430ohmB – Basic 2 pole changeover action with heavy duty silver contacts, 430 ohm bifilar coil windings. 

35