CKSR 75-NP

**Current Transducer CKSR 75-NP** 

_I_ **= 75 A P N** 

For the electronic measurement of current: DC, AC, pulsed…, with galvanic separation between the primary and the secondary circuit. 

## **Features** 

- ●Closed loop (compensated) multi-range current transducer 

- ●Voltage output 

- ●Single supply 

- ●Compact design for PCB mounting. 

## **Special feature** 

## **Applications** 

   - ●AC variable speed and servo motor drives 

   - ●Static converters for DC motor drives 

   - ●Battery supplied applications 

   - ●Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) 

   - ●Switched Mode Power Supplies (SMPS) 

   - ●Power supplies for welding applications 

   - ●Solar inverters. 

- ●Dedicated 5 primary conductors configuration. 

## **Standards** 

## **Advantages** 

- ●Very low temperature coefficient of offset 

- ●Very good d _u_ /d _t_ immunity 

- ●Reduced height 

   - ●IEC 60950-1: 2006 

   - ●IEC 61010-1: 2010 

   - ●IEC 61326-1: 2012 

   - ●UL 508: 2010. 

- ●Reference pin with two modes: Ref IN and Ref OUT 

- ●Extended measuring range for unipolar measurement. 

## **Application Domain** 

- ●Industrial. 

N° 52.E7.30.000.0 

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LEM reserves the right to carry out modifications on its transducers, in order to improve them. 

14March2024/Version 2 

**CKSR 75-NP** 

## **Safety** 

⚠ Caution 

If the device is used in a way that is not specified by the manufacturer, the protection provided by the device may be compromised. Always inspect the electronics unit and connecting cable before using this product and do not use it if damaged. Mounting assembly shall guarantee the maximum primary conductor temperature, fulfill clearance and creepage distance, minimize electric and magnetic coupling, and unless otherwise specified can be mounted in any orientation. 

Caution, risk of electrical shock 

This transducer must be used in limited-energy secondary circuits SELV according to IEC 61010-1, in electric/electronic equipment with respect to applicable standards and safety requirements in accordance with the manufacturer’s operating specifications. 

Use caution during installation and use of this product; certain parts of the module can carry hazardous voltages and high currents (e.g. power supply, primary conductor). 

Ignoring this warning can lead to injury and or/or cause serious damage. 

De-energize all circuits and hazardous live parts before installing the product. 

All installations, maintenance, servicing operations and use must be carried out by trained and qualified personnel practicing applicable safety precautions. 

This transducer is a build-in device, whose hazardous live parts must be inaccessible after installation. This transducer must be mounted in a suitable end-enclosure. 

Besides make sure to have a distance of minimum 30 mm between the primary terminals of the transducer and other neighboring components. 

## Main supply must be able to be disconnected. 

Never connect or disconnect the external power supply while the primary circuit is connected to live parts. Never connect the output to any equipment with a common mode voltage to earth greater than 30 V. 

Always wear protective clothing and gloves if hazardous live parts are present in the installation where the measurement is carried out. 

This transducer is a built-in device, not intended to be cleaned with any product. Nevertheless if the user must implement cleaning or washing process, validation of the cleaning program has to be done by himself. When defining soldering process, please use no cleaning process only. 

## ESD susceptibility 

The product is susceptible to be damaged from an ESD event and the personnel should be grounded when handling it. 

## Do not dispose of this product as unsorted municipal waste. Contact a qualified recycler for disposal. 

Although LEM applies utmost care to facilitate compliance of end products with applicable regulations during LEM product design, use of this part may need additional measures on the application side for compliance with regulations regarding EMC and protection against electric shock. Therefore LEM cannot be held liable for any potential hazards, damages, injuries or loss of life resulting from the use of this product. 

Underwriters Laboratory Inc. recognized component 

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LEM reserves the right to carry out modifications on its transducers, in order to improve them. 

14March2024/Version 2 

**CKSR 75-NP** 

## **Absolute maximum ratings** 

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**----- Start of picture text -----**<br>
Parameter Symbol Unit Value<br>**----- End of picture text -----**<br>


|**Parameter**|**Symbol**|**Unit**|**Value**|
|---|---|---|---|
|||||
|Maximum supply voltage|_U_C max|V|7|
|Maximum primary conductor temperature|_T_B max|°C|110|
|Maximum primary current|_I_P max|A|20 × _I_P N|
|Maximum ESD rating, Human Body Model (HBM)|_U_ESD max|kV|4|



Stresses above these ratings may cause permanent damage. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings for extended periods may degrade reliability. 

## **UL 508: Ratings and assumptions of certification** 

File # E189713 Volume: 2 Section: 1 

## **Standards** 

- ●CSA C22.2 NO. 14-10 INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT - Edition 11 

- ●UL 508 STANDARD FOR INDUSTRIAL CONTROL EQUIPMENT - Edition 17 

## **Ratings** 

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Parameter Symbol Unit Value<br>**----- End of picture text -----**<br>


|**Parameter**|**Symbol**|**Unit**|**Value**|
|---|---|---|---|
|||||
|Primary involved potential||V AC/DC|1000|
|Max surrounding air temperature|_T_A|°C|105|
|Primary current|_I_P|A|75|
|Secondary supply voltage|_U_C|V DC|5|
|Output voltage|_U_out|V|0 to 5|



## **Conditions of acceptability** 

_When installed in the end-use equipment, consideration shall be given to the following:_ 

- _1 - These devices must be mounted in a suitable end-use enclosure._ 

- _2 - CKSR series intended to be mounted on the printed circuit wiring board of the end-use equipment (with a minimum CTI of 100)._ 

- _3 - CKSR series shall be used in a pollution degree 2._ 

- _4 - Low voltage circuits are intended to be powered by a circuit derived from an isolating source (such as transformer, optical isolator, limiting impedance or electro-mechanical relay) and having no direct connection back to the primary circuit (other than through the grounding means)._ 

- _5 - CKSR series: based on results of temperature tests, in the end-use application, a maximum of 100 °C cannot be_ 

   - _exceeded at soldering joint between primary coil pin and soldering point (corrected to the appropriate evaluated max. surrounding air)._ 

## **Marking** 

Only those products bearing the UL or UR Mark should be considered to be Listed or Recognized and covered under UL's FollowUp Service. Always look for the Mark on the product. 

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14March2024/Version 2 

**CKSR 75-NP** 

## **Insulation coordination** 

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Parameter Symbol Unit Value Comment<br>**----- End of picture text -----**<br>


|**Parameter**|**Symbol**|**Unit**|**Value**|**Comment**|
|---|---|---|---|---|
||||||
|RMS voltage for AC insulation test, 50 Hz, 1 min|_U_d|kV|4.1||
|Impulse withstand voltage 1.2/50 µs|_U_Ni|kV|7.5||
|Partial discharge RMS test voltage (_q_m< 10 pC)|_U_t|V|1000||
|Clearance (pri. - sec.)|_d_CI|mm|7.5|Shortest internal distance<br>through air1)|
|Creepage distance (pri. - sec.)|_d_Cp|mm|7.5|Shortest internal path along<br>device body1)|
|Clearance (pri. - sec.)|_d_CI|mm|6.1|When mounted on PCB<br>with recommended layout|
|Creepage distance (pri. - sec.)|_d_Cp|mm|6.1|When mounted on PCB<br>with recommended layout|
|Case material|-|-|V0|According to UL 94|
|Comparative tracking index|_CTI_||600||
|Application example<br>RMS voltage line-to-neutral|-|V|300|Reinforced insulation,<br>according to IEC 61010-1<br>CAT III PD2|
|Application example<br>RMS voltage line-to-neutral|-|V|600|Basic insulation, according<br>to IEC 61010-1<br>CAT III PD2|



Note:[1)] Inside device enclosure providing protection IP5x. 

## **Environmental and mechanical characteristics** 

|**Parameter**|**Symbol**|**Unit**|**Min**|**Typ**|**Max**|**Comment**|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|Ambient operating temperature|_T_A|°C|−40||105|1)|
|Ambient storage temperature|_T_A st|°C|−55||105||
|Mass|_m_|g||9|||



Note:[1)] The working conditions have direct impact on the temperature of primary conductor. In any cases, the temperature of conductor must be below 110 °C according to absolute maximum ratings in page up. 

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LEM reserves the right to carry out modifications on its transducers, in order to improve them. 

14March2024/Version 2 

## **Electrical data** 

## **CKSR 75-NP** 

At _T_ A = 25 °C, _U_ C = +5 V, _N_ P = 1 turn, _R_ L = 10 kΩ, internal reference unless otherwise noted (see definition of typ, Min, Max. paragraph in page 6). 

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Parameter Symbol Unit Min Typ Max Comment<br>**----- End of picture text -----**<br>


|**Parameter**|**Symbol**|**Unit**|**Min**|**Typ**|**Typ**|**Max**|**Comment**|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|||||||||
|Primary nominal RMS current|_I_P N|A||75|||Apply derating<br>according to Figure 1.|
|Primary current, measuring range|_I_P M|A|−180|||180||
|Primary current, measuring range|_I_P M|A|−182|||182|With_U_C= 4.75 V,_T_A<br>= 85 °C,_R_L= 10 kΩ.<br>For other conditions,<br>see Figure 7.|
|Number of primary turns|_N_P|||1,2,3,4,5||||
|Supply voltage|_U_C|V|4.75||5|5.25||
|Current consumption|_I_C|mA||15 +|<br>_I_P (mA)<br> _N_S|20 +<br>_I_P (mA)<br> _N_S|_N_S= 966 turns|
|Reference voltage @_I_P= 0 A|_U_ref|V|2.495||2.5|2.505|Internal reference|
|External reference voltage|_U_E ref|V|0|||4||
|Output voltage|_U_out|V|_U_ref−1.125|||_U_ref+1.125|@_I_P M|
|Output voltage @_I_P= 0 A|_U_out|V|||_U_ref|||
|Electrical ofset voltage|_U_O E|mV|−0.725|||0.725|100 % tested<br>_U_out−_U_ref|
|Electrical ofset current<br>referred to primary|_I_O E|mA|−116|||116|100 % tested|
|Temperature coefcient of_U_ref|_TCU_ref|ppm/K|−50||±5|50|Internal reference|
|Temperature coefcient of_U_out<br>@_I_P= 0 A|_TCU_out|ppm/K|−4|||4|ppm/K of 2.5 V<br>−40 °C … 105 °C<br>(at ±6 Sigma)|
|Nominal sensitivity|_S_N|mV/A||6.25|||468.5 mV/_I_P N|
|Sensitivity error|_ε_S|%|−0.7|||0.7|100 % tested|
|Temperature coefcient of_S_|_TCS_|ppm/K|−40|||40|−40 °C … 105 °C|
|Linearity error|_ε_L|% of_I_P N|−0.1|||0.1||
|Magnetic ofset current (10 ×_I_P N)<br>referred to primary|_I_O M|A|−0.1|||0.1||
|RMS noise current (spectral density)<br>100 Hz … 100 kHz referred to<br>primary|_I_no|µA/Hz½||20|||_R_L= 1 kΩ|
|Peak-peak output ripple at oscillator<br>frequency_f_= 450 kHz (typ.)|-|mV||||10|_R_L= 1 kΩ|
|Delay time to 10 % to the fnal<br>output value for_I_P Nstep|_t_D 10|µs||||0.3|_R_L= 1 kΩ,d_i_/d_t= _68 A/<br>µs|
|Delay time to 90 % to the fnal<br>output value for_I_P Nstep|_t_D 90|µs||||0.3|_R_L= 1 kΩ,d_i_/d_t =_68 A/<br>µs|
|Frequency bandwidth (±1 dB)|_BW_|kHz|200||||_R_L= 1 kΩ|
|Frequency bandwidth (±3 dB)|_BW_|kHz|300||||_R_L= 1 kΩ|
|Total error|_ε_tot|% of_I_P N|−1.2|||1.2||
|Total error @_T_A= 105 °C|_ε_tot|% of _I_P N|−1.6|||1.6||
|Error|_ε_|% of_I_P N|−1|||1||
|Error @_T_A= 105 °C|_ε_|% of_I_P N|−1.4|||1.4||



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14March2024/Version 2 LEM reserves the right to carry out modifications on its transducers, in order to improve them. 

**CKSR 75-NP** 

## **Definition of typical, minimum and maximum values** 

Minimum and maximum values for specified limiting and safety conditions have to be understood as such as well as values shown in “typical” graphs. 

On the other hand, measured values are part of a statistical distribution that can be specified by an interval with upper and lower limits and a probability for measured values to lie within this interval. 

Unless otherwise stated (e.g. “100 % tested”), the LEM definition for such intervals designated with “min” and “max” is that the probability for values of samples to lie in this interval is 99.73 %. 

For a normal (Gaussian) distribution, this corresponds to an interval between −3 sigma and +3 sigma. If “typical” values are not obviously mean or average values, those values are defined to delimit intervals with a probability of 68.27 %, corresponding to an interval between −sigma and +sigma for a normal distribution. 

Typical, maximal and minimal values are determined during the initial characterization of the product. 

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14March2024/Version 2 

**CKSR 75-NP** 

## **Maximum continuous DC primary current** 

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**----- Start of picture text -----**<br>
160<br>140<br>120<br>100<br>80<br>60<br>40<br>20<br>0<br>0 20 40 60 80 100 120<br>T A ( ℃ )<br>(A)<br>p<br>I<br>**----- End of picture text -----**<br>


_Figure 1: I_ P _vs T_ A _for CKSR 75-NP_ 

The maximum continuous DC primary current plot shows the boundary of the area for which all the following conditions are true: 

- _I_ P < _I_ P M 

- ●Junction temperature _T_ j < 125 °C 

- ●Primary conductor temperature < 110 °C 

- ●Resistor power dissipation < 0.5 × rated power 

## **Frequency derating** 

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**----- Start of picture text -----**<br>
AC Derating<br>1.25<br>1<br>0.75<br>0.5<br>0.25<br>0<br>10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M<br>f  (Hz)<br>max  DC current<br>max RMS AC current /<br>**----- End of picture text -----**<br>


_Figure 2: Maximum RMS AC primary current / maximum DC primary current vs frequency_ 

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14March2024/Version 2 

**CKSR 75-NP** 

## **Terms and definitions** 

## **Ampere-turns and amperes** 

The transducer is sensitive to the primary current linkage _Θ_ P (also called ampere-turns). 

_Θ_ P = _N_ P · _I_ P 

Where _N_ P is the number of primary turn (depending on the connection of the primary jumpers). 

Caution: As most applications will use the transducer with only one single primary turn ( _N_ P = 1), much of this datasheet is written in terms of primary current instead of current linkages. However, the ampere-turns (A) unit is used to emphasis that current linkages are intended and applicable. 

## **Sensitivity and linearity** 

To measure sensitivity and linearity, the primary current (DC) is cycled from 0 to _I_ P, then to − _I_ P and back to 0 (equally spaced _I_ P/10 steps). The sensitivity _S_ is defined as the slope of the linear regression line for a cycle between ± _I_ P N. The linearity error difference between the measured points and the linear _ε_ L is the maximum positive or negative regression line, expressed in % of _I_ P N. 

## **Transducer simplified model** 

The static model of the transducer at temperature _T_ A is: _U_ out = _S Θ_ P + _ε_ 

In which _ε_ = 

_U_ O E + _U_ O _T_ ( _T_ A) + _ε_ S _· Θ_ P _·S_ + _ε_ L( _Θ_ P max) _· Θ_ P max _·S_ + _TCS·_ ( _T_ A − 25) _· Θ_ P _·S_ 

With: _Θ_ P = _N_ P _I_ P :the input ampere-turns (At) Please read above warning. _Θ_ P max :the maxi input ampere-turns that have been applied to the transducer (At) _U_ out :the secondary voltage (V) _T_ A :the ambient temperature (°C) _U_ O E :the electrical offset voltage (V) _U_ O _T_ ( _T_ A) :the temperature variation of _U_ O at temperature _T_ A (V) _S_ :the sensitivity of the transducer (V/At) _ε_ S :the sensitivity error _ε_ L ( _Θ_ P max) :the linearity error for _Θ_ P max 

This model is valid for primary ampere-turns _Θ_ P between − _Θ_ P max and + _Θ_ P max only. This is the absolute maximum error. As all errors are independent, a more realistic way to calculate the error would be to use the following formula: 

**==> picture [55 x 33] intentionally omitted <==**

**----- Start of picture text -----**<br>
N<br>2<br>ε  =  ∑ εi<br>i = 1<br>**----- End of picture text -----**<br>


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14March2024/Version 2 

**CKSR 75-NP** 

## **Performance parameters definition** 

## **Magnetic offset referred to primary** 

The magnetic offset current on the primary side (“memory effect” of the transducer’s ferro- _I_ O M is the consequence of a current magnetic parts). It is measured using the following primary current cycle. _I_ O M depends on the current value _I_ P _≥ I_ P N. 

**==> picture [222 x 125] intentionally omitted <==**

**----- Start of picture text -----**<br>
Primary current cycle<br>1<br>0<br>-1<br>1 2 3 4 5<br>Step<br>)N<br>P<br>I<br> ·<br> = 1 .. 10<br>OL OL<br>K K<br> / (<br>P<br>I with<br>**----- End of picture text -----**<br>


_K_ OL: Overload factor 

_Figure 3: Current cycle used to measure magnetic and electrical offset (transducer supplied)_ 

## **Delay times** 

The delay time respect to the primary are shown in the next figure. _t_ D 10 @ 10 % and the delay time _t_ D 90 @ 90 % with Both slightly depend on the primary current d _i_ /d _t_ . They are measured at nominal current. 

**==> picture [128 x 97] intentionally omitted <==**

**----- Start of picture text -----**<br>
I<br>100 %<br>90 %<br>I P U  out<br>t D 90<br>10 %<br>t D 10 t<br>**----- End of picture text -----**<br>


_Figure 5: t_ D 10 _(delay time @ 10 %) and t_ D 90 _(delay time @ 90 %)._ 

## **Total error referred to primary** 

The total error _ε_ tot is the error at ± _I_ P N, relative to the rated value _I_ P N. 

It includes all errors mentioned above 

- ●the electrical offset _I_ O E 

- ●the magnetic offset _I_ O M 

## **Electrical offset referred to primary** 

Using the current cycle shown in figure 3, the electrical offset current _I_ O E is the residual output referred to primary when the input current is zero. 

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The temperature variation _I_ O _T_ of the electrical offset current _I_ O E is the variation of the electrical offset from 25 °C to the considered temperature. 

**==> picture [133 x 12] intentionally omitted <==**

Note: the transducer has to be demagnetized prior to the application of the current cycle (for example with a demagnetization tunnel). 

- ●the sensitivity error _ε S_ 

- ●the linearity error _ε_ L (to _I_ P N). 

**==> picture [235 x 164] intentionally omitted <==**

**----- Start of picture text -----**<br>
Total error  ℇ tot<br>0.12 at  U C = ... V and  T A = 25 °C<br>_ aver. + 3σ |<br>0.10<br>0.08<br>0.06 I O M (max) /  I P N<br>=<br>0.04<br>I O E (max) /  I P N<br>0.02<br>0.00<br>-0.02<br>-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1<br>I P / ( K OL ·  I P N) with  K OL = 1 ... 10<br> (% ) I P N<br>tot<br>ℇ<br>**----- End of picture text -----**<br>


_Fig_ ~~_ure 6: T_~~ _ot_ ~~_al error ε_~~ tot 

**==> picture [189 x 51] intentionally omitted <==**

**----- Start of picture text -----**<br>
40k U C O O +<br>—<br>Im | U CN out T O0V<br>ets 2 U ref 1<br>**----- End of picture text -----**<br>


_Figure 4: Test connection_ 

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14March2024/Version 2 LEM reserves the right to carry out modifications on its transducers, in order to improve them. 

**CKSR 75-NP** 

## **Application information** 

## **Filtering and decoupling** 

## **Supply voltage** _U_ **C** 

The fluxgate oscillator draws current pulses of up to 30 mA at a rate of ca. 900 kHz. Significant 900 kHz voltage ripple on _U_ C can indicate a power supply with high impedance. At these frequencies the power supply rejection ratio is low, and the ripple may appear on the transducer output _U_ out  and reference _U_ ref. The transducer has internal decoupling capacitors, but in the case of a power supply with high impedance, it is advised to provide local decoupling (100 nF or more, located close to the transducer). 

## **Reference** _U_ **ref** 

Ripple present on the reference output can be filtered with a low value of capacitance because of the internal 680 Ohm series resistance. The maximum filter capacitance value is 1 µF. 

## **Output** _U_ **out** 

The output _U_ out has a very low output impedance of typically 2 Ohms; it can drive 100 pF directly. Adding series Rf = 100 Ohms allows much larger capacitive loads. Empirical evaluation may be necessary to obtain optimum results. The minimum load resistance on _U_ out is 1 kOhm. 

## **Total Primary Resistance** 

The primary resistance is 0.72 mΩ per conductor. 

In the following table, examples of primary resistance according to the number of primary turns. 

**==> picture [221 x 131] intentionally omitted <==**

**----- Start of picture text -----**<br>
Number of Primary Recommended<br>resistance<br>primary turns RP [m Ω ] connections<br>10    9     8    7    6    out<br>1 0.144<br>          in   1    2     3    4     5<br>10    9     8    7    6    out<br>2 0.6<br>          in   1    2     3    4     5<br>10    9     8     7    6    out<br>5 3.6<br>          in   1    2    3     4     5<br>**----- End of picture text -----**<br>


## **Measurement range** 

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**----- Start of picture text -----**<br>
250<br>230<br>210<br>With Uc=4.75V<br>190<br>With Uc=5V<br>With Uc=5.25V<br>170<br>150<br>-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120<br>Ambient Temperature( ℃ )<br>Figure 7: The measurement range vs. temperature<br>Max current(A)<br>**----- End of picture text -----**<br>


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14March2024/Version 2 

**CKSR 75-NP** 

## **External reference voltage** 

If the Ref pin of the transducer is not used it could be either left unconnected or filtered according to the previous paragraph “Reference _U_ ref”. 

The Ref pin has two modes Ref IN and Ref OUT: 

- ●In the Ref OUT mode the 2.5 V internal precision reference is used by the transducer as the reference point for bipolar measurements; this internal reference is connected to the Ref pin of the transducer through a 680 Ohms resistor. it tolerates sink or source currents up to ±5 mA, but the 680 Ohms resistor prevents this current to exceed these limits. 

- ●In the Ref IN mode, an external reference voltage is connected to the Ref pin; this voltage is specified in the range 0 to 4 V and is directly used by the transducer as the reference point for measurements. The external reference voltage _U_ ref must be able: 

- either to source a typical current of _U_ ref680[-2.5] , the maximum value will be 2.2 mA typ. when _U_ ref = 4 V. 

- or to sink a typical current of 2.5 - _U_ ref , the maximum value will be 3.68 mA typ. when _U_ ref = 0 V. 680 

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**CKSR 75-NP** 

## **PCB footprint** 

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## **Assembly** ~~**o**~~ **n PCB** 

- ●Recommended PCB hole diameter 

1.3 mm for primary pin 

   - 0.8 mm for secondary pin 

- ●Maximum PCB thickness 

- ●Wave soldering profile 

- 2.4 mm maximum 260 °C f ~~o~~ r 10 s No clean proce ~~s~~ s only 

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14March2024/Version 2 

**CKSR 75-NP** 

**Dimensions** (in mm, general linear tolerance ±0.25 mm) 

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**----- Start of picture text -----**<br>
U C<br>U out<br>U ref<br>d Cl d Cp<br>**----- End of picture text -----**<br>


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LEM reserves the right to carry out modifications on its transducers, in order to improve them. 

14March2024/Version 2